John Adams
1765
Liberty must at all hazards be supported. We have a right to it, derived from our Maker. But if we had not, our fathers have earned and bought it for us, at the expense of their ease, their estates, their pleasure, and their blood
Founders' Quotes
The Founders on
Individual Liberty
James Wilson
Of the Study of the Law in the United States, 1790
Without liberty, law loses its nature and its name, and becomes oppression. Without law, liberty also loses its nature and its name, and becomes licentiousness.
James Madison
Essays for the National Gazette, 1792
In Europe, charters of liberty have been granted by power. America has set the example … of charters of power granted by liberty. This revolution in the practice of the world, may, with an honest praise, be pronounced the most triumphant epoch of its history, and the most consoling presage of its…
The Founders on
Federalism
James Madison
Federalist 45, 1788
“The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite.
Tenth Amendment
1791
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
Thomas Jefferson
Opinion on the Constitutionality of a National Bank, 1791
I consider the foundation of the Constitution as laid on this ground that ‘all powers not delegated to the United States, by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states or to the people.’ To take a single step beyond the boundaries thus specially drawn around…
The Founders on
Limited Government
James Madison
Federalist 14, 1787
[T]he general government is not to be charged with the whole power of making and administering laws: its jurisdiction is limited to certain enumerated objects, which concern all the members of the republic, but which are not to be attained by the separate provisions of any.
James Madison
Federalist 48, 1788
It will not be denied that power is of an encroaching nature and that it ought to be effectually restrained from passing the limits assigned to it.
Thomas Jefferson
Letter to James Madison, 1787
I own I am not a friend to a very energetic government. It is always oppressive.
Alexander Hamilton
Federalist 33, 1788
The propriety of a law, in a constitutional light, must always be determined by the nature of the powers upon which it is founded.
The Founders on
Separation of Powers
James Madison
Federalist 84, 1788
An elective despotism was not the government we fought for; but one in which the powers of government should be so divided and balanced among the several bodies of magistracy as that no one could transcend their legal limits without being effectually checked and restrained by the others.
James Madison
Federalist 47, 1788
The accumulation of all powers, legislative, executive, and judiciary, in the same hands, whether of one, a few, or many, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective, may justly be pronounced the very definition of tyranny.
James Madison
Federalist 51, 1788
I own I am not a friend A dependence on the people is, no doubt, the primary control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions.to a very energetic government. It is always oppressive.
Thomas Jefferson
Letter to James Madison, 1797
The principle of the Constitution is that of a separation of Legislative, Executive and Judiciary functions, except in cases specified. If this principle be not expressed in direct terms, it is clearly the spirit of the Constitution …
The Founders on
Representative Government
John Adams
Thoughts on Government, 1776
As good government is an empire of laws, how shall your laws be made? In a large society, inhabiting an extensive country, it is impossible that the whole should assemble to make laws. The first necessary step, then, is to depute power from the many to a few of the most wise and good.
James Madison
Federalist 10, 1787
Pure democracies have ever been spectacles of turbulence and contention; have ever been found incompatible with personal security, or the rights of property; and have, in general, been as short in their lives as they have been violent in their deaths.
Thomas Jefferson
Letter to David Hartley, 1787
I have no fear that the result of our experiment will be that men may be trusted to govern themselves without a master.
James Madison
Federalist 39, 1788
We may define a republic to be … a government which derives all its powers directly or indirectly from the great body of the people, and is administered by persons holding their offices during pleasure for a limited period, or during good behavior.
The Founders on
"All Men are Created Equal"
Benjamin Franklin
Emblematical Representations, ca. 1774
The ordaining of laws in favor of one part of the nation, to the prejudice and oppression of another, is certainly the most erroneous and mistaken policy. An equal dispensation of protection, rights, privileges, and advantages, is what every part is entitled to, and ought to enjoy.
Declaration of Independence
1776
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.
George Washington
Letter to Robert Morris, 1786
I can only say that there is not a man living who wishes more sincerely than I do, to see a plan adopted for the abolition of slavery.
John Jay
Letter to R. Lushington, 1786
It is much to be wished that slavery may be abolished. The honour of the States, as well as justice and humanity, in my opinion, loudly call upon them to emancipate these unhappy people. To contend for our own liberty, and to deny that blessing to others, involves an inconsistency not to be excused.
The Founders on
"Private Property
James Otis
Writs of Assistance, 1761
One of the most essential branches of English liberty is the freedom of one’s house. A man’s house is his castle.
John Adams
A Defence of the Constitutions of the Government of the United States of America, 1787
The moment the idea is admitted into society that property is not as sacred as the laws of God, and that there is not a force of law and public justice to protect it, anarchy and tyranny commence.
James Madison
Essay on Property, 1792
Government is instituted to protect property of every sort; as well that which lies in the various rights of individuals, as that which the term particularly expresses. This being the end of government, that alone is a just government which impartially secures to every man whatever is his own.
Thomas Jefferosn
First Inaugural Address, 1801
A wise and frugal government, which shall leave men free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned — this is the sum of good government.